What digestive enzyme is a primary component of saliva?

Amylase is the primary enzyme found in saliva that begins the process of digestion, specifically the breakdown of carbohydrates. Saliva is produced by salivary glands, and its purpose is to lubricate food and facilitate swallowing while also initiating digestion in the mouth. The presence of amylase is critical because it starts converting starches into simpler sugars right in the oral cavity, preparing food for further digestion in the stomach and intestines.

While lipase and protease are also enzymes involved in digestion, their roles are distinct. Lipase primarily breaks down fats, and protease is involved in breaking down proteins, but these enzymes are not present in saliva in significant amounts. Lipase is secreted primarily by the pancreas and acts later in the digestive process, and protease is also released by the stomach. Therefore, amylase is the correct choice as it directly correlates to the function of saliva in initiating carbohydrate digestion.