What does phonics refer to?

Phonics refers to a method of teaching reading and writing that emphasizes the relationship between sounds (phonemes) and their corresponding written letters or letter combinations (graphemes). It focuses on how letters are pronounced and how they correspond to sounds, which is essential in the early development of reading skills. This understanding helps children decode new words by sounding them out, which is fundamental to literacy.

In contrast, the other options do not relate to the educational concept of phonics. Calling someone pertains to communication rather than reading skills. Exercise involves physical activity, which does not connect with reading or phonics. Listening skills, while important for comprehension and language development, are distinct from the specific study of sounds and their representation in written form. Thus, pronunciation, as a key aspect of phonics, is the most accurate choice.