What is the exchange of air between the outside environment and the lungs called?

The exchange of air between the outside environment and the lungs is a concept that encompasses several terms that describe the same physiological process. Ventilation refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs, which is essential for gas exchange—bringing oxygen in and expelling carbon dioxide. Breathing is a more common, everyday term that conveys the same idea of inhalation and exhalation. Pulmonary ventilation is a technical term that specifically describes the mechanical process of ventilating the lungs.

Since all these terms represent aspects of the same process—air movement that facilitates gas exchange—the answer includes all three terms, making it a comprehensive choice. This reflects the interconnectedness of these concepts within respiratory physiology, demonstrating that different terminologies can describe the same fundamental process.